Sunday, December 21, 2014

Grace - Lesson 1




The Church of Divine Guidance (CDG) Sunday morning adult bible study group is in a study on grace. These posts are my notes for each session. Please study with us. You can participate by asking your questions or making comments in the comments below. We welcome your thoughts
and prayers.

God's grace.  What is it? Why is it so important? How do you get the grace of God?

These questions are key for understanding Christianity.  Christianity and the grace of God go hand in hand. No one can call themselves a Christian without accepting the grace of God, a free gift from God to all mankind

Foundation scripture 


Ephesians 2:8-9 (HCSB)8 For you are saved by grace through faith, and this is not from yourselves; it is God’s gift—9 not from works, so that no one can boast.

Introduction


Dictionary definition from dictionary.com 

(in Christian belief) the free and unmerited favor of God, as manifested in the salvation of sinners and the bestowal of blessings. (dictionary.com)

Merriam-Webster Dictionary 

a : unmerited divine assistance given humans for their regeneration or sanctification
b : a virtue coming from God

The word grace is used in the Old Testament, depending on which translation or version you read, between 4, in the New Revised Standard Version, and 39 times in the King James Version. I don’t know yet why such a wide range. I didn't have time to do the research before this lesson but I will keep looking and find out. The other translations are very close in the number of times ranging from 4 in the Revised Standard Version to 9 in the American Standard Version. In the translation that I like the Holman Christian Standard Version the number of times in the Old Testament is 13 times. 
There must be some word the the King James Version uses for the Hebrew word ḥēn (pronounced khane). My guess is that where the King James uses grace the others use favor but that’s just a guess.

Grace is in the English translations in the New Testament between 118 times in the Revised Standard Version to 131 times in the King James. Much closer.

The Greek word that’s used most in the New Testament and translated grace is charis (pronounced cars) a) objective - that which bestows or occasions pleasure, delight, or causes favorable regard; it is applied to beauty, or gracefulness or person, or speech.

The root word for charis is word Paul uses to express God’s grace in salvation. He uses throughout Romans. Romans is the book that really describes God's plan and purpose for saving us.  Here is a sample of where Paul mentions God's grace:

Romans 1:5 (HCSB) 5 We have received grace and apostleship through Him to bring about the obedience of faith among all the nations, on behalf of His name,

Romans 3:24 (HCSB)24 They are justified freely by His grace through the redemption that is in Christ Jesus.

Romans 5:2 (HCSB)2 We have also obtained access through Him by faith into this grace in which we stand, and we rejoice in the hope of the glory of God.

Romans 12:6 (HCSB)6 According to the grace given to us, we have different gifts: If prophecy, use it according to the standard of one’s faith;
The word grace appears many more times in the New Testament over the Old. Why do you think that’s the case?

The Old Testament or "Old Covenant" was based on rules and regulations or the "Law".  In order to be justified by God you had to obey the law to the letter in other words you had to work got gain favor or grace. That Old Covenant was done away with when Jesus gave His life as a sacrifice for mankind and his blood sealed a "New Covenant" or "New Testamen"t. That covenant came into effect after Jesus was sacrificed and He presented His blood in heaven to atone for the sins of those who accept that sacrifice as being made for them.

Hebrews 9:11-14 (HCSB)11 But the Messiah has appeared, high priest of the good things that have come. In the greater and more perfect tabernacle not made with hands (that is, not of this creation),12 He entered the most holy place once for all, not by the blood of goats and calves, but by His own blood, having obtained eternal redemption.13 For if the blood of goats and bulls and the ashes of a young cow, sprinkling those who are defiled, sanctify for the purification of the flesh,14 how much more will the blood of the Messiah, who through the eternal Spirit offered Himself without blemish to God, cleanse our consciences from dead works to serve the living God? 

Grace and Our Salvation or Justification


Romans 5:12-21 (HCSB)12 Therefore, just as sin entered the world through one man, and death through sin, in this way death spread to all men, because all sinned.13 In fact, sin was in the world before the law, but sin is not charged to a person’s account when there is no law.14 Nevertheless, death reigned from Adam to Moses, even over those who did not sin in the likeness of Adam’s transgression. He is a prototype of the Coming One.15 But the gift is not like the trespass. For if by the one man’s trespass the many died, how much more have the grace of God and the gift overflowed to the many by the grace of the one man, Jesus Christ.16 And the gift is not like the one man’s sin, because from one sin came the judgment, resulting in condemnation, but from many trespasses came the gift, resulting in justification.17 Since by the one man’s trespass, death reigned through that one man, how much more will those who receive the overflow of grace and the gift of righteousness reign in life through the one man, Jesus Christ.18 So then, as through one trespass there is condemnation for everyone, so also through one righteous act there is life-giving justification for everyone.19 For just as through one man’s disobedience the many were made sinners, so also through the one man’s obedience the many will be made righteous.20 The law came along to multiply the trespass. But where sin multiplied, grace multiplied even more21 so that, just as sin reigned in death, so also grace will reign through righteousness, resulting in eternal life through Jesus Christ our Lord.

Explore It


1.What did Adam introduce into the world and pass on to his descendants? (5:12)

He introduced sin and with sin death they were both on to his descendants.

What Paul is saying here is that all men sinned when Adam sinned.

How is that possible?

Think of it this way.  Let's use an example from the bible to show how that works.  The example is about a man named Achan and what he did after the Hebrews destroyed Jericho.  This is in the seventh chapter of Joshua

If you remember the Hebrews were not to take certain for themselves from Jericho.

Joshua 6:18-19 (HCSB)18 But keep yourselves from the things set apart, or you will be set apart for destruction. If you take any of those things, you will set apart the camp of Israel for destruction and bring disaster on it.19 For all the silver and gold, and the articles of bronze and iron, are dedicated to the LORD and must go into the LORD’s treasury.”

But here's what happened during the battle.

Joshua 7:1 (HCSB)1 The Israelites, however, were unfaithful regarding the things set apart for destruction. Achan son of Carmi, son of Zabdi, son of Zerah, of the tribe of Judah, took some of what was set apart, and the LORD’s anger burned against the Israelites.

Because of Achan’s disobedience the Hebrews lost the next battle to a rag tag group from the town Ai and they were disheartened.

After the Lord pointed out Achan as the reason that they were defeated when the punishment was made, not only Achan but also all his property, his sons, his daughters, his oxen, his asses, his sheep, his tent were destroyed. Everything connected with Achan was blotted out of Israel. Although the disobedience was all Achan and he admitted it.

Joshua 7:21 (HCSB)21 When I saw among the spoils a beautiful cloak from Babylon, 200 silver shekels, and a bar of gold weighing 50 shekels, I coveted them and took them. You can see for yourself. They are concealed in the ground inside my tent, with the money under the cloak.”

Another example, this one doesn’t have anybody dying and nothing destroyed but still an example of how Paul could say when Adam sinned all men sinned.

Go to

Genesis 14:18-19 (HCSB)18 Then Melchizedek, king of Salem, brought out bread and wine; he was a priest to God Most High.19 He blessed him and said: Abram is blessed by God Most High, Creator of heaven and earth,

Now to

Hebrews 7:9-10 (HCSB)9 And in a sense Levi himself, who receives tenths, has paid tenths through Abraham,10 for he was still within his ancestor when Melchizedek met him.

So you see , as in the case of Achan, his family was considered guilt and thus punished because of Achan, and in the case of Abraham,  how Levi, one of his grandsons, was considered as paying tithes. Just like Achan represented his family and Abraham represented his family so Adam represents his posterity, which is mankind.  Mankind then is looked on as having acted in disobedience with him. 

 I had always struggled with explaining this but because of this study I now understand and can explain it to others.


2. What is the root cause of death?  (5:12)

Sin.

Romans 6:23 (HCSB)23 For the wages of sin is death, but the gift of God is eternal life in Christ Jesus our Lord.

This verse can be interpreted to mean both spiritual and physical death. When Adam and Eve partook of the forbidden fruit, they eventually died physically. Sin, which is breaking the law of God (1 John 3:4  Everyone who commits sin also breaks the law; sin is the breaking of law.), brings both physical (Romans 5:12 Therefore, just as sin entered the world through one man, and death through sin, in this way death spread to all men, because all sinned.) and spiritual death (Isaiah 59:2 But your iniquities have built barriers between you and your God, and your sins have made Him hide ⌊His⌋ face from you so that He does not listen. ). So, Romans 6:23 can legitimately be interpreted to include both spiritual and physical death when it speaks of "the wages of sin." - Matt Slick, Christian Apologetics and Research Ministry.

3. How did the coming of God’s law affect the presence of sin in the world? (5:13)
Law


Adam's sin was charged to his account and to that of his posterity because he broke an explicitly stated command of God. Men from Adam to Moses without such explicit laws could not have sin charged to their account in the same way as Adam had. They did not have definite, specific statutes, such as those later given in the Mosaic code. After the law then every person could be charged themselves with breaking specific commands or laws. Before the law man couldn't be charged with a specific instance of breaking the law although they were still considered to have disobeyed because Adam did. 

Now they can have something charges to their account because of the law.

4. How did the coming of God’s law affect our understanding of what sin is? (5-13)

It is spelled out in specific things and if we don't abide by them we are guilt you breaking the law which is sin.  In other words if you do or don't do specific things then you have broken the law.

Paul is not saying that there were no God-given commands known to men between Adam and the Law, in fact when God reaffirmed the covenant that the made with Abraham to Isaac he said;

Genesis 26:4-5 (HCSB)4 I will make your offspring as numerous as the stars of the sky, I will give your offspring all these lands, and all the nations of the earth will be blessed by your offspring,5 because Abraham listened to My voice and kept My mandate, My commands, My statutes, and My instructions.” .

But an absence of a code of law—of a divinely given norm—affects the way sin is reckoned against men.  Before the law man was included under the penalty of death because of Adam they were not charged with any specific things because there was no knowledge of specific things.  After the law each individual could be charged with specific things themselves so they had personal ownership of their own disobedience.

That was the law now comes grace


5. What came into the world through Jesus Christ? (5:15)

GRACE!! and the gift which is righteousness or right standing with God.
Grace

"The many", in verse 15 is the same group who were affected by Adam's transgression and therefore died. God's grace and the gift in the sphere of Christ's grace abound to all men. Adam's act brought death. Divine grace abounds to those affected by Adam's act. - The Wycliffe Bible Commentary

6. What is God’s solution to the inevitable problem of sin and death? (5:16-17)

The sacrifice of His Son, Jesus, through which God gave His grace to those who believe.

Many transgressions brought God's gracious gift into operation, and its outcome or goal is acquittal. The reign of death, because of the trespass of the one, is contrasted with the reign in life—on the part of those who receive the abundance of grace and the gift of righteousness. The abundance of grace has to do with all that God has accomplished and promised to do in Christ. Those who are receiving God's abounding favor toward them in Christ and the righteousness which he provides will reign in life through the one man, Jesus Christ. Because of what the one man, Jesus Christ, accomplished, death no longer reigns, but men reign in life. Why are there not as many who reign in life as there were under the reign of death? Because the abundance of grace and the gift of righteousness were rejected by many rather than received. - The Wycliffe Bible Commentary
7. In what ways are the acts of Jesus and Adam similar? (5:18-19)

Their acts affected all mankind. Adam’s act brought sin and death, Jesus’ act brought God’s grace and the gift of righteousness leading to eternal life.

Through one transgression the verdict or sentence of judgment came to all men. So through one righteous deed the gracious gift of redemption (see Arndt, charisma, 1, p. 887) caome unto all men for the purpose of acquittal that brings life. Paul asserts clearly that the effect of Christ's righteous deed extends just as far as the effect of Adam's transgression. - The Wycliffe Bible Commentary
8. What is the relationship between the amount of sin and grace in the world? Which is the more powerful—sin or grace?) ( (5:20)


Although righteousness by faith is central in human history, the Law has an important place. The Law came in order that the transgression might abound (increase in number, multiply).

Grace did much more abound. Or, was present in greater abundance. Grace is much more powerful than sin.

9. What effect did God’s righteous law have on rebellious people? (5:20)

It increased their transgressions by establishing a written code pointing out their disobedience and rebelliousness.

10. What does sin in this world produce? (5:21)

Sin is connected with death in this verse just as it was in 5:12 (Therefore, just as sin entered the world through one man, and death through sin, in this way death spread to all men, because all sinned.)

11. What does grace given by God to this world produce? (5:21)
Grace produces righteousness. The fact that the righteousness of Christ is bestowed upon those who believe means not only that they are declared righteous but also that they belong to the reign and the triumph of grace. Grace reigns with a goal in view-eternal life. Eternal life is a quality of life; it is living by God's life and for God. Believers have this life now. But eternal life means not only living by God, and for him, but in an environment that he has made perfect—free from all sin. Hence eternal life is the believer's destiny as well as immediate reality. How will this life be achieved? It will be achieved through a person—through Jesus Christ our Lord.

We can’t measure God’s grace because our sinfulness has limits but God’s grace has no limits. 

 Let’s end by reading this;

Romans 5:15-17 (HCSB)15 But the gift is not like the trespass. For if by the one man’s trespass the many died, how much more have the grace of God and the gift overflowed to the many by the grace of the one man, Jesus Christ.16 And the gift is not like the one man’s sin, because from one sin came the judgment, resulting in condemnation, but from many trespasses came the gift, resulting in justification.17 Since by the one man’s trespass, death reigned through that one man, how much more will those who receive the overflow of grace and the gift of righteousness reign in life through the one man, Jesus Christ.

Got It


12. What effect did God’s grace through Christ’s death on the cross have on your life?

13. How can knowing you are forgiven and righteous before God through Jesus Christ affect your attitudes and actions?


14. How can knowing you are forgiven and righteous before God through Jesus Christ affect your attitudes and actions?

Apply It


15. In what ways can you thank God today for the grace He has bestowed on you?

16. What can you do this week for unsaved friends still suffering from the consequences of sin?

Next week we are going to talk about the nature of God’s grace.



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