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The Christ Church Wednesday Bible Study Group is doing a study on the Last Days. Rather than attempting to set precise dates or map out speculative timelines, this study dives directly into Jesus’ foundational teaching in the Olivet Discourse (Matthew 24:1–14) to discover how biblical prophecy is deeply practical. Scripture’s teachings on the end times were never intended to cause fear or fuel anxiety, but rather to prepare believers to stand firm in every season. As global turbulence, cultural pressure, and spiritual deception intensify around us, Jesus' words provide a clear roadmap for personal spiritual preparation—guiding us to cultivate discernment, anchor our confidence in God's sovereignty, and align our present-day priorities with His global mission.
In Session 2 we look at the very first specific warning Jesus issues regarding the "world of the end." When the disciples asked for the signs of His coming, Jesus didn't immediately point to falling stars, blood moons, or global wars. His first warning was: "Take heed that no one deceives you" (Matthew 24:4).
Welcome & Introduction
Matthew 24:1-8 NIV [1] Jesus left the temple and was walking away when his disciples came up to him to call his attention to its buildings. [2] “Do you see all these things?” he asked. “Truly I tell you, not one stone here will be left on another; every one will be thrown down.” [3] As Jesus was sitting on the Mount of Olives, the disciples came to him privately. “Tell us,” they said, “when will this happen, and what will be the sign of your coming and of the end of the age?” [4] Jesus answered: “Watch out that no one deceives you. [5] For many will come in my name, claiming, ‘I am the Messiah,’ and will deceive many. [6] You will hear of wars and rumors of wars, but see to it that you are not alarmed. Such things must happen, but the end is still to come. [7] Nation will rise against nation, and kingdom against kingdom. There will be famines and earthquakes in various places. [8] All these are the beginning of birth pains.
In our first week of this study of the Last Days we laid the groundwork by looking at the context of the Olivet Discourse, discovering that prophecy is meant to give us preparation over speculation.
Jesus uses this moment to redirect them. He warns them that physical institutions, structures, and worldly systems are temporary.
Matthew 24:NIV [1] Jesus left the temple and was walking away when his disciples came up to him to call his attention to its buildings. [2] “Do you see all these things?” he asked. “Truly I tell you, not one stone here will be left on another; every one will be thrown down.”
If we anchor our peace in the stability of our earthly institutions—whether financial systems, political structures, or physical buildings—we will panic when they shake. Jesus calls us to anchor our security in Him alone.
Remember the disciples had just pointed out the magnificence of the temple.
His response was a direct reminder that worldly systems, institutions, and desires have an expiration date, while God's kingdom is eternal.
1 John 2:17 NIV The world and its desires pass away, but whoever does the will of God lives forever.
Matthew 24:13-14 NIV but the one who stands firm to the end will be saved. And this gospel of the kingdom will be preached in the whole world as a testimony to all nations, and then the end will come.
If we find ourselves panicking when worldly systems shake, it is an indicator that we have placed our hope in the wrong kingdom. When we redirect our devotion to God's will, we exchange chasing temporary security for the unshakeable peace of eternal life. What we do for God is the only thing that truly outlasts us.
When earthly institutions shake, it reveals what is temporary. We need to hold on to what is built on the promises of God.
Psalms 20:7 NIV Some trust in chariots and some in horses, but we trust in the name of the Lord our God.
Proverbs 11:28 NIV Those who trust in their riches will fall, but the righteous will thrive like a green leaf.
The disciples asked Jesus if the destruction of the Temple was a sign that the world was coming to an end. Jesus gave them some things to look for that would indicate that the end was coming but He likened those things to birth pains which indicated that there was an event coming.
So let’s read what he said some of those birth pains would be. And those things are included in our main scripture for this study.
Matthew 24:-7 NIV[4] Jesus answered: “Watch out that no one deceives you. [5] For many will come in my name, claiming, ‘I am the Messiah,’ and will deceive many. [6] You will hear of wars and rumors of wars, but see to it that you are not alarmed. Such things must happen, but the end is still to come. [7] Nation will rise against nation, and kingdom against kingdom. There will be famines and earthquakes in various places.
That is not all of the signs or birth pains you have to read the entire chapter but we are going to start with these.
Deception
This week, we look at the very first specific warning Jesus issues regarding the "world of the end." When the disciples asked for the signs of His coming, Jesus didn't immediately point to falling stars, blood moons, or global wars. His first warning was: "Take heed that no one deceives you" (Matthew 24:4).
In an age of digital echo chambers, cultural shifts, and continuous updates, deception is the ultimate tool of the enemy to weaken us. So, this week, we will examine how to build biblical discernment to counter deception.
Deception is the primary sign of the end times. The dangerous thing about deception is that it rarely presents itself as an obvious lie; it always mimics the truth. If the enemy can deceive your mind, he can hijack your mission. Jesus makes guarding against deception our number one spiritual priority.
Primary Dictionary Definitions of Deception
The act of deceiving: The practice or act of misleading, tricking, or causing someone to accept as true or valid what is false or invalid.
The state of being deceived: Being misled or deluded by a false appearance, statement, or representation.
An instance of deceit: A trick, or scheme designed to mislead or trick someone (e.g., a fraud or illusion).
From a biblical perspective, deception is not merely a mistake or an inaccurate statement—it is a spiritual force, state, or deliberate scheme that leads the mind and heart away from God’s absolute truth into error, moral compromise, or spiritual darkness.
How can Christians be deceived?
1. Biblical Illiteracy (Not Knowing the Standard)
The primary reason believers fall for deception is a lack of deep, personal knowledge of Scripture. If a Christian does not know what God’s Word actually says, they cannot detect when it is being misquoted or distorted.
The Vulnerability: Relying entirely on pastors, podcasters, or social media figures for spiritual diet rather than searching the Scriptures individually.
Scriptural Insight: The Berean Jews in Acts 17:11 were commended because they tested everything Paul preached against the Scriptures daily to see if it was true.
Acts 17:11 NIV Now the Berean Jews were of more noble character than those in Thessalonica, for they received the message with great eagerness and examined the Scriptures every day to see if what Paul said was true.
2. Counterfeits and "Angel of Light" Tactics
Satan rarely approaches believers as an obvious enemy; he often disguises himself as an "angel of light" and his agents as "ministers of righteousness"
2 Corinthians 11:14-15 NIV [14] And no wonder, for Satan himself masquerades as an angel of light. [15] It is not surprising, then, if his servants also masquerade as servants of righteousness. Their end will be what their actions deserve.
The Vulnerability: Assuming that because a message sounds loving, uses Christian terminology, or is accompanied by spiritual experiences, it must be from God.
How It Works: Deceivers use biblical language while changing the underlying meaning (e.g., redefining love without righteousness, grace without repentance, or Christ without the cross).
3. Relying on Human Logic and Outward Appearances
When Christians evaluate situations, people, or movements using human intuition, intellect, or outward appearances rather than seeking God in prayer, they become vulnerable.
The Vulnerability: Making choices based on "what makes sense" or "what looks good on the surface."
Scriptural Example: In Joshua 9:3-16, the leaders of Israel were deceived by the Gibeonites because they judged by the Gibeonites' moldy bread and worn clothes and "did not ask counsel of the Lord"
Joshua 9:3-16 NIV [3] However, when the people of Gibeon heard what Joshua had done to Jericho and Ai, [4] they resorted to a ruse: They went as a delegation whose donkeys were loaded with worn-out sacks and old wineskins, cracked and mended. [5] They put worn and patched sandals on their feet and wore old clothes. All the bread of their food supply was dry and moldy. [6] Then they went to Joshua in the camp at Gilgal and said to him and the Israelites, “We have come from a distant country; make a treaty with us.” [7] The Israelites said to the Hivites, “But perhaps you live near us, so how can we make a treaty with you?” [8] “We are your servants,” they said to Joshua. But Joshua asked, “Who are you and where do you come from?” [9] They answered: “Your servants have come from a very distant country because of the fame of the Lord your God. For we have heard reports of him: all that he did in Egypt, [10] and all that he did to the two kings of the Amorites east of the Jordan—Sihon king of Heshbon, and Og king of Bashan, who reigned in Ashtaroth. [11] And our elders and all those living in our country said to us, ‘Take provisions for your journey; go and meet them and say to them, “We are your servants; make a treaty with us.” ’ [12] This bread of ours was warm when we packed it at home on the day we left to come to you. But now see how dry and moldy it is. [13] And these wineskins that we filled were new, but see how cracked they are. And our clothes and sandals are worn out by the very long journey.” [14] The Israelites sampled their provisions but did not inquire of the Lord. [15] Then Joshua made a treaty of peace with them to let them live, and the leaders of the assembly ratified it by oath. [16] Three days after they made the treaty with the Gibeonites, the Israelites heard that they were neighbors, living near them.
4. Emotional and Relational Manipulation
Deception often enters through personal relationships, affection, or a desire for acceptance.
The Vulnerability: Lowering spiritual vigilance because a message comes from a close friend, family member, admired leader, or romantic partner.
How It Works: Emotional loyalty can blind a believer to unbiblical behavior or doctrine. Biblical examples include Samson succumbing to Delilah's manipulation (Judges 16) and Peter temporarily leading others astray out of social pressure
Galatians 2:11-13 NIV [11] When Cephas came to Antioch, I opposed him to his face, because he stood condemned. [12] For before certain men came from James, he used to eat with the Gentiles. But when they arrived, he began to draw back and separate himself from the Gentiles because he was afraid of those who belonged to the circumcision group. [13] The other Jews joined him in his hypocrisy, so that by their hypocrisy even Barnabas was led astray.
5. Cultural Accommodation (Absorbing the "Spirit of the Age")
Living in a secular culture makes believers susceptible to absorbing subtle worldviews that contradict Scripture over time.
The Vulnerability: A slow, unconscious shift toward cultural norms—such as moral relativism ("live your truth"), hyper-individualism, or placing personal happiness above holiness.
Scriptural Insight: Paul warns in Colossians 2:8, "Beware lest anyone cheat you through philosophy and empty deceit, according to the tradition of men..."
6. Self-Deception and Moral Compromise
Sometimes deception begins within the heart of the believer. Sin, pride, and hypocrisy obscure spiritual perception.
The Vulnerability: Wanting the benefits of God’s grace without obeying His commands, or believing that intellectual knowledge equates to spiritual maturity.
Key Mechanisms of Self-Deception:
Hearing without Doing: “Be doers of the word, and not hearers only, deceiving yourselves” (James 1:22).
Denying Personal Sin: “If we say that we have no sin, we deceive ourselves” (1 John 1:8).
Desiring "Itching Ears": Seeking out teachers who validate personal desires rather than preaching sound doctrine (2 Timothy 4:3).
7. Over-Reliance on Spiritual Experiences & Miracles
Jesus warned in Matthew 24:24 that false christs and false prophets would perform "great signs and wonders to deceive, if possible, even the elect."
Matthew 24:24 NIV [24] For false messiahs and false prophets will appear and perform great signs and wonders to deceive, if possible, even the elect.
Here are concrete examples illustrating how this verse plays out historically, prophetically in Scripture, and in modern spiritual contexts:
Historical Cult Example: Jim Jones and Staged "Miracles"
Before the tragic Jonestown massacre in 1978, Jim Jones began as an ordained minister who attracted sincere, devout Christians to the Peoples Temple.
The "Signs & Wonders": Jones frequently performed seemingly supernatural "faith healings"—pulling "cancerous tumors" (which were actually animal tissue hidden in his hands) out of people's bodies, calling out secret details of strangers' lives, and claiming to heal the blind or lame.
The Deception: Sincere church members believed God’s power was uniquely restlessly flowing through him. These sensational "signs" convinced followers to overlook his growing heresy, yield their life savings, isolate from their families, and eventually follow him to their deaths.
How It Illustrates Matthew 24:24: The apparent "supernatural proof" bypassed people's critical thinking and biblical discernment, leading sincere believers to follow a false christ.
2. Biblical/Prophetic Example: The False Prophet in Revelation 13
Scripture itself provides a future example of Matthew 24:24 during the tribulation period:
The Scripture: Revelation 13:13–14 says of the False Prophet: “And he performed great signs, even causing fire to come down from heaven to the earth in full view of the people. Because of the signs he was given power to perform on behalf of the first beast, he deceived the inhabitants of the earth.”
The Deception: The False Prophet will perform actual, visible supernatural wonders (such as calling down fire from heaven, echoing the prophet Elijah) to convince humanity that the Antichrist holds divine authority.
How It Illustrates Matthew 24:24: The miracle is real and impressive to human eyes, but its spiritual source is Satanic, designed entirely to lure people into worshipping a counterfeit savior.
3. Modern Example: Sensationalism and Counterfeit Healing Movements
In contemporary times, this deception manifests when spiritual teachers or charismatic figures rely on sensational experiences or unverified miracles rather than sound doctrine:
The Setup: A leader claims to perform constant physical healings, foretell individual fortunes ("words of knowledge"), or cause people to experience bizarre physical manifestations (e.g., gold dust, feathers falling, uncontrolable laughter).
The Deception: Followers become so captivated by the "show" or the desire for a miraculous experience that they stop checking the leader's lifestyle, financial accountability, or theology against the Bible.
How It Illustrates Matthew 24:24: When a movement prioritizes signs over truth, people end up accepting false doctrines (such as prosperity gospel extortion or self-deification) simply because "miracles" are allegedly taking place.
The Vulnerability: Elevating supernatural signs, emotional highs, or subjective experiences above the objective authority of God’s written Word.
How to Counter It: True miracles always align with sound doctrine and glorify the Jesus of Scripture, whereas counterfeit signs point toward false authority or self-exaltation. True miracles always point people toward repentance, glorify the Jesus of the Bible, and align with written Scripture. Counterfeit signs point toward human personalities, personal power, or unbiblical doctrines.
1 John 4:1-3 NIV [1] Dear friends, do not believe every spirit, but test the spirits to see whether they are from God, because many false prophets have gone out into the world. [2] This is how you can recognize the Spirit of God: Every spirit that acknowledges that Jesus Christ has come in the flesh is from God, [3] but every spirit that does not acknowledge Jesus is not from God. This is the spirit of the antichrist, which you have heard is coming and even now is already in the world.
Examples
1. The First Deception: Distorting God’s Word
Scripture: Genesis 3:1–6, 13
The Story: The Serpent (Satan) approached Eve in the Garden of Eden, not by denying God outright, but by questioning His integrity and twisting His instructions (“Has God indeed said, ‘You shall not eat of every tree of the garden’?”). He promised wisdom and divinity while concealing the fatal consequence of sin.
Key Lesson: Deception often relies on half-truths and subtle distortions of what God actually said. Eve later confessed: “The serpent deceived me, and I ate” (Genesis 3:13).
2. Family & Identity Deception: Jacob and Isaac
Scripture: Genesis 27:1–29
The Story: Encouraged by his mother Rebekah, Jacob disguised himself as his older brother Esau to steal his father Isaac's patriarchal blessing. Because Isaac’s eyes were dim with age, Jacob put goatskins on his hands and neck to mimic Esau’s hairy skin and wore Esau’s clothing.
Key Lesson: Human deception often uses physical outward appearances, lies, and false pretense to seize benefits meant for others.
3. The Trapper Trapped: Laban Deceiving Jacob
Scripture: Genesis 29:15–25
The Story: After Jacob worked seven years for his uncle Laban to marry Rachel, Laban secretly substituted his older daughter, Leah, under the veil on the wedding night. When Jacob discovered the trick the next morning, Laban justified it by pointing to local custom.
Key Lesson: Deception creates a cycle of mistrust and heartbreak. (Ironically, Jacob—who deceived his father—was himself deceived by his father-in-law).
4. Strategic Political Deception: The Gibeonites
Scripture: Joshua 9:3–16
The Story: Fearing Israel's conquest of Canaan, the inhabitants of Gibeon devised a ruse. They showed up at Joshua's camp wearing worn-out clothes, moldy bread, and patched sandals, claiming they had traveled from a far-off country to make a treaty. Joshua and the leaders signed a covenant of peace without first asking counsel from the Lord.
Key Lesson: Deception succeeds when believers rely on outward human observation instead of seeking guidance directly from God in prayer.
5. Manipulative Affection: Samson and Delilah
Scripture: Judges 16:4–20
The Story: Delilah pretended to love Samson while repeatedly attempting to uncover the secret of his supernatural strength on behalf of the Philistine lords. After three failed attempts where Samson lied, Delilah manipulated him through emotional guilt until he revealed his Nazarite vow, leading to his capture and blinding.
Key Lesson: Deception often exploits personal intimacy, affection, and emotional vulnerability.
6. Betrayal under the Disguise of Love: Judas Iscariot
Scripture: Matthew 26:47–50; Luke 22:47–48
The Story: When leading the armed temple guards to arrest Jesus in the Garden of Gethsemane, Judas gave them a prearranged signal: “Whomever I kiss, He is the One; seize Him.” He approached Jesus saying, "Greet thee, Rabbi!" and kissed Him.
Key Lesson: Jesus highlighted the deceitfulness of the act: “Judas, are you betraying the Son of Man with a kiss?” (Luke 22:48). Deception can wear the mask of friendship and devotion.
7. Religious Hypocrisy and Self-Presentation: Ananias and Sapphira
Scripture: Acts 5:1–11
The Story: In the early Church, a couple named Ananias and Sapphira sold a piece of property. They kept back a portion of the proceeds for themselves while presenting the rest to the apostles, claiming it was the full amount. They wanted the public reputation of sacrificial generosity without actually paying the full cost.
Key Lesson: Peter confronted Ananias, noting that deception in spiritual matters is a lie directly to God: “Why has Satan filled your heart to lie to the Holy Spirit... You have not lied to men but to God” (Acts 5:3–4).
Three separate times in this discourse, Jesus warns about deception. He highlights two specific groups: those coming in His name claiming to be the Christ, and "false prophets" who will rise up and deceive many.
First Time: Matthew 24:4–5
“And Jesus answered and said to them: ‘Take heed that no one deceives you. For many will come in My name, saying, “I am the Christ,” and will deceive many.’”
Those coming in His name claiming to be the Christ (impostors claiming divine authority or Messiahship).
. Modern Examples of False Christs
A. David Koresh (Branch Davidians, 1990s)
Born Vernon Howell, he renamed himself David Koresh (claiming lineage from King David and Cyrus the Great). He claimed to be the ultimate Messiah and "the Lamb" capable of opening the Seven Seals of Revelation.
The Deception: He taught his followers that all other marriages were invalid and that he alone was permitted to take wives (including underage girls) to raise a divine lineage. His claim to divine authority led to the 1993 Waco siege.
B. Jim Jones (Peoples Temple, 1970s)
Jones openly claimed to be the reincarnation of Jesus Christ, Gautama Buddha, and Vladimir Lenin.
The Deception: He declared that his voice was the voice of God and required absolute loyalty from his congregation, ultimately leading over 900 people to their deaths in Jonestown, Guyana, in 1978.
C. Sun Myung Moon (Unification Church / "Moonies")
Taught that Jesus Christ failed in His earthly mission because He was crucified before He could marry and establish a sinless family. Moon claimed that in 1935, Jesus appeared to him and appointed him to complete Christ's unfinished work as the "Third Adam" and Lord of the Second Advent.
D. Sergey Torop / "Vissarion" (Church of the Last Testament, Russia)
A former Russian traffic officer who declared in 1991 that he was reincarnated as Jesus Christ (known as "Vissarion").
The Deception: He established a secluded agrarian community in Siberia, drawing thousands of followers who strictly followed his dictates before his arrest by Russian authorities in 2020.
E. Jose Luis de Jesus Miranda (Growing in Grace Ministry)
A Puerto Rican preacher who initially claimed he was inhabited by the spirit of Jesus Christ and later declared himself to be the Antichrist (interpreting "Antichrist" not as evil, but as "no longer following the earthly teachings of Jesus"). He urged followers to tattoo the number "666" on their bodies.
Common Characteristics of "False Christs"
When evaluating claims of Messiahship against Scripture, false Christs consistently share these deceptive traits:
Exclusivity & Isolation: They convince followers that salvation, truth, or safety can only be found by following them or joining their specific group.
Replacing or Modifying Jesus' Finished Work: They teach that Jesus' sacrifice on the cross was incomplete or that new revelation is needed from them directly.
Moral and Personal Exemption: They often claim divine authority to override biblical moral laws regarding marriage, sexuality, money, or truthfulness.
Contradicting the Manner of Christ's Return: Jesus explicitly stated that His second coming would not be secret or localized ("For as the lightning comes from the east and flashes to the west, so also will the coming of the Son of Man be" — Matthew 24:27). Anyone claiming to be Christ walking on Earth in secret or in a compound immediately violates this biblical standard.
Second Time: Matthew 24:11
“Then many false prophets will rise up and deceive many.”
"False prophets" (spiritual leaders or teachers promoting false doctrine and misleading people).
Here are biblical, historical, and modern examples that illustrate false prophets and their tactics:
1. Biblical Examples of False Prophets
Hananiah vs. Jeremiah (Jeremiah 28):
The Lie: While Israel was under Babylonian judgment, the false prophet Hananiah publicly declared a comforting, popular message: God would break the yoke of Babylon and restore peace in two years.
The Reality: God had ordained seventy years of exile. Hananiah told the people what they wanted to hear rather than calling them to genuine repentance. Jeremiah confronted him, and God struck Hananiah dead for teaching rebellion against the Lord.
Balaam (Numbers 22–31; 2 Peter 2:15; Jude 1:11):
The Lie: Balaam was a hired prophet who used spiritual influence for financial gain. When God forbade him from cursing Israel directly, Balaam advised the King of Moab to entice Israel into sexual immorality and idolatry instead.
The Legacy: "The error of Balaam" becomes the classic biblical symbol of spiritual leaders who compromise truth and lead God's people into sin for money or fame.
The False Prophets of Baal (1 Kings 18):
The Lie: 450 prophets of Baal used dramatic rituals, self-mutilation, and emotional displays to convince Israel that Baal was the true God who controlled rain and fire. Elijah exposed them on Mount Carmel.
2. Historical & Modern Examples of False Prophets
A. Harold Camping & Date-Setting Movements (2011)
The Teaching: Camping, a radio host and teacher, claimed to have unlocked secret mathematical codes in Scripture predicting the exact date of Christ's return (May 21, 2011).
The Deception: Thousands of followers sold homes, liquidated retirement savings, and quit jobs to advertise the prediction. When the date passed, many were left financially ruined and spiritually devastated.
Biblical Violation: Direct contradiction of Matthew 24:36 ("But about that day or hour no one knows").
B. Prosperity Gospel & Exploitative "Seed Faith" Teachers
The Teaching: The doctrine that God guarantees physical health and financial wealth to anyone who donates money ("sows a seed") to a specific preacher's ministry.
The Deception: These leaders frame spiritual blessings as transactional transactions, preying on the poor, sick, and desperate. They promise miraculous financial returns while enriching themselves.
Biblical Violation: Paul warns against those who think "godliness is a means to financial gain" (1 Timothy 6:5) and Peter warns of false teachers who "in their greed will exploit you with fabricated stories" (2 Peter 2:3).
C. "Hyper-Grace" & Moral Compromise Teachers
The Teaching: The claim that because believers are saved by grace, God does not care about personal holiness, repentance, or obedience, and that warning against sin is "legalism."
The Deception: It removes moral accountability, reassuring people that they can live unrepentant, worldly lifestyles while remaining in right standing with God.
Biblical Violation: Jude 1:4 explicitly warns against ungodly people who "turn the grace of our God into a license for immorality."
3. How to Identify a False Prophet (The Biblical Test)
Scripture gives clear criteria for recognizing false prophets and teachers:
The Fruit Test (Matthew 7:15–20): Examine their character, personal lifestyle, and the spiritual fruit produced in their followers. Do they exhibit pride, greed, or moral corruption behind closed doors?
The Scripture Test (Acts 17:11; Isaiah 8:20): Do their teachings align with the full counsel of God's Word, or do they isolate verses, claim "new revelation," or contradict clear biblical commands?
The Jesus Test (1 John 4:1–3): Do they exalt the biblical Jesus Christ—His deity, His finished work on the cross, and His lordship—or do they elevate themselves and human potential?
The Fulfillment Test (Deuteronomy 18:21–22): If a leader makes specific, detailed prophecies that fail to come to pass, Scripture instructs believers not to fear or follow them.
Third Time: Matthew 24:23–24
“Then if anyone says to you, ‘Look, here is the Christ!’ or ‘There!’ do not believe it. For false christs and false prophets will rise and show great signs and wonders to deceive, if possible, even the elect.”
Both false christs and false prophets who perform deceptive signs and wonders to mislead believers.
If deception was the first and most dangerous warning, how do we combat it? We combat it with discernment. Discernment is one of the primary biblical antidotes to deception . In spiritual and practical terms, if deception is the poison of subtle distortion, false authority, and half-truths, discernment is the spiritual capacity to distinguish truth from error and divine wisdom from counterfeit claims.
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